1. Provide an example of an epidemiologic question that needs to be investigated
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1. Provide an example of an epidemiologic question that needs to be investigated through qualitative research; please justify your answer.
2. Provide an example of an epidemiologic question that needs to be investigated through quantitative research, please justify your answer.
3. Please use the 4 criteria for the quality and utility of data to evaluate the following surveillance systems.
The U.S. National Vital Statistics and System (use this link for question #3 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/index.htm )
a. Nature
b. Availability
c. Completeness
d. Strengths versus limitation
4. 2-National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) (use this link for question #4 https://www.cdc.gov/nndss/index.html )
a. Nature
b. Availability
c. Completeness
d. Strengths versus limitation
5. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an economic recession and extended working/learning from home negatively affected many people’s mental health. A group of researchers at a public health school at University A wanted to investigate the mental health status among students attending University A during the COVID-19 pandemic. They sent out electronic surveys through social media sites including Facebook and Twitter, and the public health school advertised this study on their school’s website and their school’s social media accounts. After two weeks of collecting survey data, they received 1,085 completed surveys from across the university. The survey data showed 64.3% of participants were graduate students, while 31.3% of students attending University A were graduate students. In addition, survey data showed that 74% of participants were completely learning online, while the remaining students went to the lab or attended hybrid courses (half in-person, half online). However, more than 90% of students were completely learning online at University A.
Based on the information above, how do you evaluate the representativeness of this study sample? Do you think the results of this study are generalizable to other colleges & universities?
6. Based on the information above, provide 2 examples of actions that could improve the representativeness of this sample.
7. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program provides information on cancer statistics among U.S. population. SEER*Explorer is an interactive website that provides easy access to a wide range of SEER cancer statistics. It provides detailed statistics for a cancer site by gender, race, calendar year, age, and for a selected number of cancer sites, by stage and histology.
The website can be found here: https://seer.cancer.gov/
Go to the website, use the “SEER*Explorer” to explore the statistics for lung and bronchus cancer. You can click “Start Exploring”, then “Go to SEER*Explorer”. For “Get Started with a Cancer Site, select Lung and Bronchus and for “Choose a Statistic to Explore” select SEER incidence. Answer the below questions on the incidence of lung and bronchus cancer in the U.S. Use “Recent Trends” data to determine the age-adjusted incidence rate for lung and Bronchus cancer among females in 2019.
8. Use “Recent Rates” to determine the 5-year age-adjusted incidence rate for lung and bronchus cancer among males from 2015-2019.
9. Use “Long-Term Trends” to describe the trends in age-adjusted incidence rates of lung and bronchus cancer among both males and females from 1975-2019.
7. Use “Rates by Age” to describe how age affects the incidence rates of lung and bronchus cancer.
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