Uncovering Chronic Kidney Disease in a 48-Year-Old Male: Symptoms, Physical Exam Findings, and Risk Factors
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ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS:
Diagnosis chronic kidney disease
Use attached template
W. B. is a 48 y.o. male who presents with a two-week history of SOB, fatigue, and anorexia. He describes dyspnea on exertion and orthopnea. He denies all signs of infection or weight loss but complains his skin has become itchy. PMH is significant for hypertension (untreated), known creatinine elevation, peptic ulcer disease, and chronic tension headache for which he frequently takes Ibuprofen. Physical exam reveals BP 180/110, AV-nicking and cotton-wool spots per fundoscopy, fine crackles (rales) at lung bases bilaterally, and 2+ pitting edema to knee-level bilaterally.
HOW TO WORK ON THIS ASSIGNMENT (EXAMPLE ESSAY / DRAFT)
The example of W.B. demonstrates how chronic kidney disease (CKD) manifests in a 48-year-old person with a considerable medical background. Millions of people worldwide suffer from CKD, which is characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over months or years. We will go over the diagnosis of CKD in W.B.’s case in this essay, along with its origin, clinical manifestation, and treatment.
W.B. arrives with a two-week history of orthopnea, dyspnea with exertion, tiredness, and anorexia. He mentions scratchy skin as well. These signs and symptoms point to fluid overload, a typical CKD consequence. Upon physical examination, W.B. exhibits increased blood pressure (180/110), AV-nicking, cotton-wool spots, fine crackles (rales), and 2+ pitting edema to knee-level bilaterally in addition to AV-nicking and cotton-wool spots. These results support the presence of CKD, especially in its later stages.
The extensive medical background of W.B. lends credence to the CKD diagnosis. A typical risk factor for the onset and progression of CKD is uncontrolled hypertension. His CKD is additionally influenced by his known creatinine elevation, peptic ulcer illness, and persistent tension headache for which he routinely takes ibuprofen. Long-term use of ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) can harm the kidneys, especially in people who already have renal disease.
Based on W.B.’s known elevated creatinine level and the existence of renal damage and/or impaired kidney function for three months or more, CKD was diagnosed. His symptoms and the results of his physical assessment also point to severe CKD. His CKD’s underlying etiology and the extent of kidney damage may require additional research, including imaging examinations and urine testing.
In the instance of W.B., managing CKD entails addressing the root cause, managing blood pressure, and avoiding complications. His CKD is in an advanced stage, necessitating renal replacement therapy like dialysis or kidney transplantation. Exercise and nutritional adjustments are examples of lifestyle improvements that can help outcomes.
W.B.’s example, in conclusion, emphasizes the value of early detection and treatment of CKD, especially in those with established risk factors. When patients present with signs of renal disease, medical professionals should be aware of the clinical presentation of CKD and consider it as a possible diagnosis.
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